Today, many manufacturers offer integrated circuit (IC) chips in single-wire and two-wire systems, also known as System Management Bus (SMBus). Furthermore, redundant temperature sensing is added for safety reasons.īenchmarq was the first company to offer fuel-gauge technology in 1990.
In spite of this digital supervision, most SBS chargers also rely on analog signals from the chemical battery to terminate the charge when the battery is full.
The SBS battery thus communicates with the charge management chip in a closed loop. Safety is a key design objective and the concept behind SBS is to place system intelligence inside the battery pack. In the eyes of the Smart Battery System (SBS) forum, such a battery cannot be called smart it must also provide a SoC indication. The definitions of “smart” vary among manufacturers and regulatory authorities, and the most basic smart battery may contain nothing more than a chip that sets the charger to the correct charge algorithm. Most batteries for medical, military and computing devices are “smart.” This means that some level of communication occurs between the battery, the equipment and the user. Agitation by a previous charge or discharge causes further errors and the battery needs a few hours rest to neutralize. Temperature also plays a role heat raises the voltage and a cold temperature lowers it. The largest challenge is the flat discharge voltage curve on most lithium and nickel-based batteries. The simplest method to measure state-of-charge is reading voltage, but this can be inaccurate as load currents pull the voltage down during discharge.
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Nor can the fuel gauge assess the capacity by itself the reading always shows full after recharge even if the capacity has dropped to half the specified Ah. As the capacity fades, the specified Ah (ampere-hours) rating no longer holds true. To compound the problem, a battery is a leaky and shrinking vessel that loses energy and takes on less content with each recharge. While an ordinary fuel gauge measures in-and-out-flowing liquid from a tank of a known size with minimal losses, a battery fuel gauge has unconfirmed definitions and only reveals the open circuit voltage (OCV), which is a fickle reflection of state-of-charge (SoC). For simplicity reasons, a battery can be seen as such however, measuring stored energy from an electrochemical device is far more complex. A car tire, in comparison, distorts when low on air and indicates end-of-life when the treads are worn.īattery users imagine a battery pack as being an energy storage device that resembles a fuel tank dispensing liquid fuel. Ī speaker at a battery conference once said, “The battery is a wild animal and artificial intelligence domesticates it.” A battery is illusive and does not exhibit visible changes as part of usage it looks the same when fully charged or empty, new or old and in need of replacement. A speaker at a battery conference once said, “The battery is a wild animal and artificial intelligence domesticates it.” A battery is illusive and does not exhibit visible changes as part of usage.
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